Osmosis and Diffusion Essay

The basic principles of Osmosis and Diffusion were tested and examined in this lab. We examined the percent increase of mass and molarity of different concentrations of sucrose in the dialysis bag emerged in distilled water and the potato cores emerged in concentrations of sucrose. The data reinforces the principles of Osmosis and Diffusion, and in a biological context, we can simulate how water and particles move in and out of our own cells. Introduction Objective: 1. Investigate the process of osmosis and diffusion in a model of a membrane system. 2. Investigate the effect of solute concentration on water potential as it relates to living plant tissue. Background Information: Molecules are in constant motion; they tend to move from areas of high concentration, to areas of low concentration. This broad principle is divided into two categories: diffusion and osmosis. Diffusion is the random movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. This is considered a passive form of transportation because it does not require any additional energy to transport the molecules. In the body, carbon dioxide and oxygen can diffuse across cell membranes. Osmosis is a special type of diffusion where water moves through a selectively permeable membrane from a region of higher water potential to a region of lower water potential. In our body, water diffuses across cell membranes through osmosis. Water potential is the measure of free energy of water in a solution and is shown with the use of the symbol ÃŽ ¨. Water potential is affected by two factors: osmotic potential (ÃŽ ¨Ãâ‚¬) and pressure potential (ÃŽ ¨p). Osmotic potential is dependent on the solute concentration, and pressure potential which is the energy that forms from exertion of pressure either positive or negative on a solution. The equation to find the sum of water potential is: Water Potential = Pressure Potential + Osmotic Potential ÃŽ ¨w = ÃŽ ¨p + ÃŽ ¨Ãâ‚¬ The purpose of this lab is to observe the physical effects of osmosis and diffusion and to determine if it actually takes place. We hypothesize that, because molecules diffuse down a concentration gradient, the mass of the dialysis tubes will increase, and we believe that as the molarity increases, the percent of change in mass will also increase. Hypothesis: Diffusion and osmosis will occur until dynamic equilibrium is reached. As the sucrose concentration of the solution increases so will the mass. Materials Exercise 1: 1. 6 strips of dialysis tubing 2. Distilled water 15-20ml 3. 0.4 M sucrose 15-20ml 4. 0.8 M sucrose 15-20ml 5. 0.2 M sucrose 15-20ml 6. 0.6 M sucrose 15-20ml 7. 1.0 M sucrose 15-20ml 8. 6 Beakers Exercise 2: 1. 100ml of distilled water 2. 100ml of 0.4 M sucrose 3. 100ml of 0.8 M sucrose 4. 100ml of 0.2 M sucrose 5. 100ml of 0.6 M sucrose 6. 100ml of 1.0 M sucrose 7. 6 Beakers 8. Potato slices (4 for each solution) 9. Scale 10. Plastic wrap 11. Thermometer Methods Exercise 1: 1. Obtain 6 strips of dialysis tubing and tie a knot in one end of each. 2. Pour approximately 15-20ml of each of the following solutions into separate bags. 3. Remove most of the air from the bag and tie the baggie. 4. Rinse the baggie carefully in distilled water to remove any sucrose that may have spilled and carefully blot. 5. Record the mass of each baggie and record. 6. Fill six 250ml beakers 2/3 full with distilled water and place a bag in each of them. Make sure that you record which baggie is which. 7. Let the bag sit for 20-30 minutes. 8. After 20-30 minutes, remove baggies from the water, and carefully blot dry. 9. Measure the mass of each baggie and record. Exercise 2: 1. Pour 100ml of your assigned solution into a beaker. Slice a potato into 4 equal lengths about the shape of French fries or tubes. 2. Determine the mass of the 4 potato cylinders together and record. 3. Place the cylinders into the beaker with your assigned solutions and cover with plastic wrap. Leave overnight. 4. Remove the cylinders from the beakers and carefully dry them. Record the room temperature in Celsius. 5. Determine the mass of the 4 potato cylinders together and record. From these results, it can be concluded that the hypothesis is justified and correct. The data shows that the mass increased as the concentration of the sucrose solution increased. Osmosis is clearly being replicated in the physical form. Analysis Change in mass depends on the concentration of sucrose within the dialysis bags. If the concentration of sucrose is greater inside the bag than outside, then water will move into the bag. If the concentration of sucrose is lower inside the bag than outside, then water will move out of the bag. These two things are directly proportional. As the mass increases, so does the molarity. These are inversely proportional because whenever the sucrose molarity inside the bag is more concentrated, it will become more dilute and vise versa. The solutions will reach equilibrium somewhere between the two concentrations. The hypothesis is accepted based on the data that was obtained because as the sucrose concentration increased so did the final mass of the solutions. One possible source of error could be the tightness of the string that tied off the dialysis tubing. If there was a leak or a break in the dialysis tubing, all of the data would be off. Another possible source of error could be that the students did not pat dry the potato sample well enough causing drops to be left on the electronic balance, tarring it incorrectly, causing all other data to be off slightly. Simple mathematical errors always occur, so there is always room for simple algebraic mistakes in this section of the lab. Conclusion The purpose of this lab was to describe the physical mechanism of osmosis and diffusion and describe how molar concentration affects diffusion. We have  now observed how solutions diffuse in different situations, always from a high concentration to a low concentration, and how molar concentration affect diffusion, as the molarity goes up, more solution is diffused. We hypothesized that because molecules diffuse down a concentration gradient, the mass of the dialysis tubes will increase, and also that as the molarity increases, the percent of change in mass will also increase. Our data did support our conclusion. Exercise 1 proved that water moves across the selectively permeable membrane of the dialysis tubing much easier than sucrose sugar does. The water moved to reach equilibrium between the solutions. Sucrose must be too large a molecule to pass through the membrane quickly. Exercise 2 showed that the potato samples took in water when immersed in a distilled water solution. Potatoes must contain sucrose molecules due to the conclusion of this lab because the potatoes take in water in the distilled water beaker. Potatoes had a lower water potential and higher solute potential than the distilled water. It is just the opposite inside the beaker. Works Cited â€Å"PHSchool – The Biology Place.† Prentice Hall Bridge Page. Pearson Education, June 2007. Web. 12 Sept.2011. Moulton, Glen E. â€Å"Cell Theory, Form, and Function: Fluid Mosaic Model of Membrane Structure and Function — Infoplease.com.† Infoplease: Encyclopedia, Almanac, Atlas, Biographies, Dictionary, Thesaurus. Free Online Reference, Research & Homework Help. — Infoplease.com. Web. 14 Sept. 2011. < http://www.infoplease.com/cig/biology/fluid-mosaic Bowen, R. (2000, July 2). Osmosis. Retrieved February 14, 2009, from http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/cmb/cells/pmemb/osmosis.html Sheppard, T. (2004). Diffusion and Osmosis. Retrieved February 14, 2009, from http://www.blobs.org/science/article.php?article=20 Campbell, N. A., & Reece, J. B. (2005). Biology (7th ed.). New York: Pearson Education Inc.

Will robots take your job

In a world of technological advancements we ask a simple question. Will robots take our Jobs? In my personal opinion I believe they will and sort of already have in a small way. Judging by the readings in the book we can certainly see many ways robots have already started to take over Jobs by replacing people with self-check kiosk, Tam's and pay at the pump self-service stations.As stated in the book the employer can cut jack cost by purchasing â€Å"humanoids† to do Jobs more proficiently than humans. So with that being said you can see how it's possible that with advances in technology robots will take our Jobs. Check your daily routines and see how fast and easy it is for you to effectively use some sort of robotic to simplify your life in the public setting. Let's go to the store and all we need is gas.Simply slide your debit card at the island pumps and then you pump and go. K we need some quick cash so to avoid waiting on a bank teller we stop by an ATM grab the cash an d go. Now its break time at work and you have to be back in a hurry, you have a few options here. Again you can insert money into a vending machine or go to a restaurant and use the express kiosk. Just when you thought you were done you got to stop by the grocery store and pick up something to cook for supper.These lines are looking pretty long and backed up because the store is very busy, so you opt to use the U-Scan. Looking back at this daily routine we can see how robots have already taken the place of certain human jobs. Don't get me wrong you can always go into these business's and have that interaction with the associate if you would like but, when most people are in a hurry they can use the slide your card and go method as I call it Just as effectively.Let's take an adventure to the employers' point of view when it comes to robots or â€Å"humanoids† taking Jobs. One of the biggest reasons they will consider this option instead of hiring someone is that the humanoids will be able to save them money. Costing around $10,000 dollars to purchase a humanoid the employer can save on average $5,080 a year to employ them versus an actually human, based on paying someone to come in and do the Job at a minimum wage rate.Another reason is that you can expect the humanoids to happily do the Job and do it so proficiently. Now only will they be able to do your Job but they will do it better. Cooking, cleaning, placing orders, building houses, driving cars and even flying planes are some of the jobs at risk. We certainly have the technology now to replace workers the only reason we haven't implemented robots into these position is because they don't have senses such as sight, hearing and ways of expressing emotion to the customer.Furthermore we can conclude that in the future robots will and such be expected to take our Jobs. You can say no this can't be possible, but look at how technology is ever changing. Just as computers have changed over time from fittin g one in an entire room to now we can wear them on our wrist and drop them into our pockets. The market for robots to take over will be the future. By 2050 they will be perfected to proficiently

What It Takes To Become A Motocross Racer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What It Takes To Become A Motocross Racer - Essay Example So the sport is all about a cross country race in which the participants ride on motorcycles. This outline will expansively present the jeopardy involved in this sport and in addition to this many other important factors will also be presented in this paper. â€Å"Motocross was first known as a British  off-road  event called scrambling, which was an evolution of  Trials  events popular in northern Britain. The first known scramble took place at Camberley,  Surrey  in 1924.† ( History of Motocross). Free styling is arguably the most intriguing part of motocross, it is all about tricks performed by experts on a motorcycle and many people get intrigued by the various stunts performed by experts. Motocross is a very exciting sport and the most intriguing part is undoubtedly the freestyle aspect of the sport. The sport has also witnessed some excruciating injuries and this is why it requires arduous practice. People who fail to practice may well end up losing their life should they choose to venture into motocross. The sport is a very flamboyant sport and not all people can afford to participate in this sport. It requires great balance and a host of other integral qualities. The sport requires a lot of guts and relentless practice and this is why it is one of the most difficult

German paper 3+4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Gender Disparity in Employment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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Workplace Literacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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Global Perspectives on Innovation and Creativity Essay

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